SOFT WARE RAID 1 구성
KVM에 가상 하드를 2개 추가
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[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vdb: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2031 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/vdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/vdc: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2031 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 |
2개의 하드가 1048mb 용량을 가지고 있는것을 확인할수 있다.
/dev/vdb
/dev/vdc
RAID 장치 활성화 확인
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[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : unused devices: <none> [root@localhost ~]# |
파티션 타입을 fd(Linux raid auto) 로 설정
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[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1a33a14a. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n //파티션 생성 Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2031, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2031, default 2031): Using default value 2031
Command (m for help): t //타입을 설정 Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): l // 여러가지 타입을 출력하여 보여준다. // 타입 출력 생략 Hex code (type L to list codes): fd // (Linux raid auto) Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): w // 저장하고 빠져 나온다. The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. |
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[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdc Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x28b9e6a2. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
/dev/vdb Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-2031, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2031, default 2031): Using default value 2031
Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list codes): fd Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. |
fdisk –l
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[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vda1 * 3 206 102400 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/vda2 206 2286 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/vda3 2286 20318 9088000 83 Linux Partition 3 does not end on cylinder boundary.
Disk /dev/vdb: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2031 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x1a33a14a
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdb1 1 2031 1023592+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/vdc: 1048 MB, 1048576000 bytes 16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2031 cylinders Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x28b9e6a2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/vdc1 1 2031 1023592+ fd Linux raid autodetect |
Linux raid autodetect 로 변화 한것을 확인 할수 있다
mdadm 명령어로 레이드 생성
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[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-device=2 /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdc1
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to store '/boot' on this device please ensure that your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use --metadata=0.90 Continue creating array? y mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >/etc/mdadm.conf [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:1 UUID=07880e97:e0b1e45e:3ef525a4:7d782ba3 [root@localhost ~]# |
mdadm --detail --scan >/etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm.conf 에 md1 장치값이 안들어가 있으면 리붓시.. md127 등 다른 device 로 잡힐수 있다.
/dev/md1 포멧
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[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1 |
마운트 할 디렉토리를 만들어 주고 /etc/fstab 을 수정하여 장치를 마운트 해준다.
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[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /rplinux [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/md1 /rplinux ext3 defaults 0 0 |
reboot 후 장치 연결 확인
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[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vda3 8.6G 2.4G 5.8G 30% / tmpfs 504M 0 504M 0% /dev/shm /dev/vda1 97M 26M 67M 28% /boot /dev/md1 984M 18M 917M 2% /rplinux
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail --scan ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:1 UUID=07880e97:e0b1e45e:3ef525a4:7d782ba3
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 /dev/md1: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Tue Dec 13 18:31:47 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1023580 (999.76 MiB 1048.15 MB) Used Dev Size : 1023580 (999.76 MiB 1048.15 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Dec 13 18:44:46 2011 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain) UUID : 07880e97:e0b1e45e:3ef525a4:7d782ba3 Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 252 17 0 active sync /dev/vdb1 1 252 33 1 active sync /dev/vdc1
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레이드 상태 확인
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[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 vdb1[0] vdc1[1] 1023580 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] // UU 정상적인 하드 상태
unused devices: <none> |
트러블 슈팅
/dev/vdb1
/dev/vdc1 // 하드 하나를 빼고 부팅 후 raid 상태 확인
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[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 vdb1[0] 1023580 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] // |
하드 2개가 정상적으로 마운트 되어 있을때는 UU 라고 나왔지만 하드 하나가 빠졌을때는 U_ 라고 나온다.
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[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 --add /dev/vdc1 mdadm: re-added /dev/vdc1 [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc//mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 vdc1[1] vdb1[0] 1023580 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] [>....................] recovery = 4.5% (46656/1023580) finish=2.0min speed=7776K/sec |
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[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md1 : active raid1 vdc1[1] vdb1[0] 1023580 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] |
정상적인 raid 상태를 확인할수 있다
Software RAID 삭제 방법
umount /dev/md0
mdadm –S /dev/md0
mdadm –-zero-superblock /dev/vdb1
mdadm -–zero-superblock /dev/vdc1
http://www.tcpdump.com/kb/os/linux/removing-raid-devices.html